Quran verse 56:75,76 “I swear by the locations of the stars. (75) It is an oath, if you only knew, that is tremendous. (76) “
The verse indicates that the stars have locations. this locations can be studied and learned. So where do we start?
The earth turns around its own axis once every 24 hours. Thus we can divide the sky into 12 places, each position is 30 degrees, and this means that each degree corresponds to 4 minutes. We can also give each place a name to identify it.
The earth revolves around the sun, about 365.24 days, and so we can also divide the sky into 12 zones, each zone is 30 degrees, and this also means that each degree corresponds to about one day. Because of the distance between the sun and the earth is so small compared to the distances between the stars, it can be neglected. The rest of the explanation is here.